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1.
Acta Paul. Enferm. (Online) ; 34: eAPE00365, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1349818

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivo Identificar quais fatores de risco do diagnóstico de enfermagem risco de infecção estão associados a chances maiores de pessoas com HIV/aids hospitalizadas desenvolverem Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde. Métodos Estudo caso-controle no qual os casos foram pacientes com aids hospitalizados que apresentaram Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (n = 104) e os controles foram pacientes com aids hospitalizados que não evoluíram para Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (n = 104). Usaram-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e a regressão logística, e calculou-se a odds ratio. Resultados Peristaltismo alterado, tabagismo, nível reduzido de hemoglobina e leucopenia foram significativamente associados com o desfecho estudado. Na regressão logística, a redução na hemoglobina foi considerada um fator preditor da detecção de risco de infecção. Conclusão Os indicadores tabagismo, leucopenia e nível reduzido de hemoglobina foram identificados na regressão como os preditores mais importantes para identificar o risco de infecção em pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids.


Resumen Objetivo Identificar qué factores de riesgo del diagnóstico de enfermería Riesgo de Infección están relacionados con mayores probabilidades de que personas con el VIH/sida hospitalizadas presenten Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud. Métodos Estudio caso-control, en el cual los casos fueron pacientes con sida hospitalizados que presentaron Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud (n = 104) y los controles fueron pacientes con sida hospitalizados que no contrajeron Infecciones Asociadas a la Atención de Salud (n = 104). Se utilizó la prueba χ2 de Pearson y la regresión logística y se calculó el odds ratio. Resultados El peristaltismo alterado, el tabaquismo, el nivel reducido de hemoglobina y la leucopenia fueron significativamente asociados al resultado estudiado. En la regresión logística, la reducción de la hemoglobina fue considerada un factor predictor de la detección del riesgo de infección. Conclusión Los indicadores tabaquismo, leucopenia y nivel reducido de hemoglobina fueron identificados en la regresión como los predictores más importantes para identificar el riesgo de infección en personas que viven con el VIH/sida.


Abstract Objective To identify which risk factors of the Nursing Diagnosis Risk of infection are associated with a greater chance of Hospitalized People Living with HIV/AIDS developing Healthcare-associated Infections. Methods This is a case-control study in which the cases were composed by hospitalized AIDS patients who presented Healthcare-associated Infections (n=104) and, the controls by those who did not progress to Healthcare-associated Infections (n=104). The Pearson Chi-square test, Odds Ratio calculations for risk factors and Logistic Regression were used. Results Altered peristalsis, smoking, decreased hemoglobin and leukopenia were significantly associated with the outcome investigated. In logistic regression, the decrease in hemoglobin was considered a predictor factor for the detection of infection risk. Conclusion The indicators smoking, leucopenia and decreased hemoglobin were recognized in the regression as the most important predictors for identifying the risk of infection in People Living with HIV/AIDS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing Diagnosis , HIV Infections/nursing , Cross Infection , Risk Factors , Delivery of Health Care , Case-Control Studies , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods , Retrospective Studies
2.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 94(2): 177-183, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894109

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective To assess the occurrence of an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents in the period 2008/09 and 2013/14 and to identify whether there are differences in risk between the genders and in these periods. Methods This was a trend epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a voluntary sample of adolescents from 16 Brazilian states. Data were extracted from the database of Brazil Sports Project (Projeto Esporte Brasil). Health-related physical fitness was evaluated based on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and abdominal strength/resistance. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and Poisson log regression were used for the statistical treatment. Results In the years 2008/09, 14.6% of Brazilian youngsters showed an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic health and 17.1% an aggregate risk for musculoskeletal indicators, whereas in 2013/14, the values of the risk indicators were, respectively 40.0% and 22.4%. It was observed that, in the years 2013/14, the risk to the cardiometabolic health of boys was 2.51 times greater than in 2008/09, while for girls, a three-fold increase in risk was observed. Concerning musculoskeletal health, girls showed a 2.21 risk of being in the risk zone in 2013/14 when compared with 2008/09. Conclusion The occurrence of an aggregate risk to the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents increased in the 2008/09 and 2013/14 periods. Regarding gender, an increase in the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal risk between these periods was observed in girls. As for boys, an increase was observed only in cardiometabolic risk.


Resumo Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros no período de 2008/09 e 2013/14 e identificar se existem diferenças no risco entre os sexos e nesses períodos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de tendência com abordagem quantitativa, composto por uma amostra voluntária de adolescentes, de 16 estados brasileiros. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados do Projeto Esporte Brasil. A aptidão física relacionada a saúde foi avaliada a partir de: índice de massa corporal, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, e força/resistência abdominal. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizado análise descritiva, qui-quadrado e regressão Poisson log. Resultados Nos anos de 2008/09, 14,6% de jovens brasileiros apresentaram risco à saúde cardiometabólica agregada e 17,1% risco agregado dos indicadores musculoesqueléticos. Enquanto em 2013/14, os valores dos indicadores de risco foram, respectivamente 40,0% e 22,4%. Observou-se que nos anos de 2013/14 o risco à saúde cardiometabólica dos meninos era 2,51 vezes maior que em 2008/09. Já para as meninas o aumento desse risco foi de 3 vezes. No que se refere à saúde musculoesquelética, as meninas apresentaram risco de 2,21 de estar na zona de risco em 2013/14 em relação à 2008/09. Conclusão A ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros aumentou nos períodos de 2008/09 e 2013/14. Com relação ao sexo houve um aumento no risco cardiometabólico e musculoesquelético nas meninas entre esses períodos. Já para os meninos houve aumento apenas do risco cardiometabólico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/epidemiology , Exercise Test/methods , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology , Metabolic Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , Risk Assessment
3.
Acta méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 39(2): 202-213, 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-995836

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A dor, sintoma comum em pacientes oncológicos, é mal controlada com a terapia convencional em cerca de 10% a 25% dos casos, levando a uma piora significativa da qualidade de vida. Para esses pacientes, a terapia intervencionista, como bloqueios nervosos, procedimentos neurolíticos ou cordotomia e aquelas que necessitam de tratamento contínuo, como a terapia de infusão, levam a bons resultados no controle da dor. Método: Esse artigo é uma revisão bibliográfica realizada entre os anos de 2010 até 2018 sobre métodos intervencionistas para o tratamento da dor em pacientes oncológicos. Resultados: Bloqueios de nervos periféricos são uma forma de tratar a dor relacionada ao câncer, uma única injeção ou série de injeções de anestésico local com ou sem adjuvantes, com a expectativa de alívio da dor de 2 a 6 semanas. Quase todas as regiões das extremidades superior e inferior e a maioria das áreas da cabeça, pescoço e tronco podem ser anestesiados por bloqueios de nervos periféricos. Neurólise com agentes químicos ou físicos é uma outra opção, utilizada para bloquear nervos espinhais ou cranianos e os plexos autonômicos, oferece alívio da dor por alguns meses. A neurólise química é realizada com álcool de alta concentração ou fenol, já a física é através da thermal radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) ou a crioanalgesia. Conclusão: O uso de medicamentos neuroaxiais, proporcionam redução da dose de analgésicos opioides se comparada a dose via oral necessária para obter analgesia semelhante. Isso reduz os efeitos secundários desagradáveis. Os candidatos à terapia neuroaxial contínua são aqueles com requisitos crescentes de opiáceos, dor de difícil controle ou intolerância ao plano analgésico escolhido.


Introduction: Cancer pain management by conventional therapy is ineffective in about 10-25% of cases, leading to a significant decrease in quality of life. interventional therapy, applying either one-time session of nerve blocks, neurolytic procedures, or cordotomy, or long-term treatments as infusion therapy is able to improve cancer pain management. Methodology: This article is a bibliographic review carried out between 2010 and 2018 on interventional methods for the treatment of pain in cancer patients. Results: Peripheral nerve blocks are a way to treat oncology pain. A single injection or a series of injections of local anesthetic with or without adjuvants, with an expectation of pain relief of 2 to 6 weeks. Almost all regions of the upper and lower extremities and most areas of the head, neck and trunk may be anesthetized by peripheral nerve blocks. Neurolysis with chemical or physical agents is another option used to block spinal or cranial nerves and autonomic plexuses offers pain relief for a few months. Chemical neurolysis is performed with high concentrated alcohol or phenol, yet the physical is usually through thermal radiofrequency lesioning (RFL) or cryoanalgesia. Conclusion: The use of neuroaxial drugs, provide a dose reduction of opioid analgesics use compared to the oral dose required to obtain similar analgesia. This reduces unpleasant side effects. The candidates for continuous neuroaxial therapy are those with increasing requirements for opioids, pain of difficult control or intolerance to the chosen analgesic plan.


Subject(s)
Cancer Pain , Anesthetics , Pain
4.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 48(6): 731-738, Nov.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-767828

ABSTRACT

Abstract: INTRODUCTION : Molecular analyses are auxiliary tools for detecting Koch's bacilli in clinical specimens from patients with suspected tuberculosis (TB). However, there are still no efficient diagnostic tests that combine high sensitivity and specificity and yield rapid results in the detection of TB. This study evaluated single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (STNPCR) as a molecular diagnostic test with low risk of cross contamination for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical samples. METHODS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in blood and urine samples by STNPCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. In this system, reaction tubes were not opened between the two stages of PCR (simple and nested). RESULTS: STNPCR demonstrated good accuracy in clinical samples with no cross contamination between microtubes. Sensitivity in blood and urine, analyzed in parallel, was 35%-62% for pulmonary and 41%-72% for extrapulmonary TB. The specificity of STNPCR was 100% in most analyses, depending on the type of clinical sample (blood or urine) and clinical form of disease (pulmonary or extrapulmonary). CONCLUSIONS: STNPCR was effective in detecting TB, especially the extrapulmonary form for which sensitivity was higher, and had the advantage of less invasive sample collection from patients for whom a spontaneous sputum sample was unavailable. With low risk of cross contamination, the STNPCR can be used as an adjunct to conventional methods for diagnosing TB.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , DNA, Bacterial , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , DNA, Bacterial/blood , DNA, Bacterial/urine , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(3): 394-396, May-Jun/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716395

ABSTRACT

The authors report a case of a 38-year-old HIV-positive woman, with subcutaneous nodules on the thoracic region with 3 months of evolution. Clinical, laboratory, and epidemiological features were evaluated and associated with apparent damage to the T11-T12 vertebrae, identification by imaging tests, positivity in a polymerase chain reaction-based test, and reactivity to the Mantoux tuberculin skin test (PPD-RT 23). The patient was diagnosed with osteoarticular tuberculosis and received treatment for a year, and clinical cure was achieved.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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